trucking n．①货车运输；②货车运输业

But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances，such as coal，chemicals，and grain，trucking (n．①) is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat．[2003年阅读]

[译文]但许多客户却抱怨说，对于依赖长途运输的大宗商品来说，如煤炭、化学制品和粮食，由于公路运输花费太大，这样铁路公司就会主宰他们。

underfund vt．对…提供资金不足

As a nation，we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding (vt.) research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives．[2003年阅读]

[译文]作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上花钱太少。

underprivileged a．穷困的，下层社会的

For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged (a.) youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances．[1995年翻译]

[译文]例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大的才干。

underrate vt．低估，看轻

The human nose is all underrated (vt.) tool．[2005年完形]

[译文]人们低估了鼻子的嗅觉作用。

understatement n．保守的陈述，掩饰

Search for exaggeration and understatements (n.)．[2002年阅读]

[译文]留意夸张和打折扣的话。

undervalue v．低估

We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of______．

[A]undervaluing (v.) intellect [2004年阅读]

[译文] 根据本文，我们可以了解到：美国人有______的历史。

[A]轻视才智

unenlightened a．无知的，不文明的，落后的

The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened (a.) citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life．[1996年阅读]

[译文]所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是还不开通的人：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。

universalize vt．使一般化，使普遍化

As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized，it is in the interest of business to universalize (vt.) access-after all，the more people online，the mole potential customers there are．[2001年阅读]

[译文]随着互联网的日趋商业化，网络普及对商家是有利的一毕竟，上网人数越多，潜在的客户就越多。

unparalleled a．无与伦比的，空前的

When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War，it had a market eight times larger than any competitor．giving its industries unparalleled (a.) economies of scale． [2000年阅读]

[译文]二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有无与伦比的规模经济。

upsetting a．令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的

As soon as you awaken，identify what is upsetting(a.) about the dream．[2005年阅读]

[译文]当你一觉醒来，首先弄清楚梦中是什么使你不安。

unsustainable a．不能成立的，不能支持的

Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable (a.)．Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it．[2003年阅读]

[译文]任何人都明白这个趋势不能维持下去，但是很少有人愿意扭转它。

upend v．颠倒，倒放

Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended (v.) the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation．[1997年阅读]

[译文]一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史上相互关联为基础的旧的经济模式。

upscale a．高消费的

Replies show that compared with other Americans，journalists are more likely to live in upscale (a.) neighborhoods，have maids，own Mercedeses，and trade stocks，and they’re less likely to go to church，do volunteer work，or put down roots in a community．[2001年阅读]

[译文]结果表明，与其他美国人相比，新闻记者更有可能居住在富人区，有女佣、有奔驰车、炒股，而他们去教堂、参加志愿服务、扎根社区的可能性却很小。

utility n．①功用，效用 vt．(有效)利用，使用[生] n．②公用事业

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility(n.)，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge．[2002年阅读]

[译文]但是如果机器人要进一步实现劳动力节省，他们必须能够在更大程度上减少人的监控，并且至少能够独立地做一些决定，这些是具有真正挑战性的目标。

vaccination n．种痘，接种疫苗

We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement，a father’s bypass operation，a baby’s vaccinations (n.)，and even a pet's shots．[2003年阅读]

[译文]我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关。

vaccine a．疫苗的，牛痘的；n．疫苗

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines (n.)，animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst．[2003年阅读]

[译文]许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

validate vt．批准，证实

How well the predictions will be validated (vt.) by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted．[1995年翻译]

[译文]这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

vice versa ad．反之亦然

Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (ad.) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force．[1994年翻译]

[译文]政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。

visualize v．想象，显现

Visualize (vt.) how you would like it to end instead；the next time it occurs，try to wake up just enough to control its course．[2005年阅读]

[译文]想象你想让它(这种梦)如何结束，下一次再发生时，设法醒来以控制梦的进程。

ware n．货物，商品

While talking to you，your could-be employer is deciding whether your education，your experience，and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares (n.)”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner．[1996年阅读]

[译文]在与你谈话时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育、你的经验和你其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你的“品质”和“能力”以有序而合理连贯的方式陈列出来。

whereby ad．凭什么，由此

Stratford’s briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-frothing，whereby (ad.) agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong．[2003年阅读]

[译文]Stratford公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞，政府机构往往避免发表引人注目的言论，因为这些言论可能出错。