What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams，as easily and openly as once they could，lest they be thought pushing (a．)，acquisitive and vulgar．[2000年阅读]

[译文]现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。

pipeline n．管道，传递途径

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism／evolution are in the publisher's pipelines(n.)．A few have already appeared．[1996年阅读]

[译文]有传言说，有20多本关于创世纪论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。

pointless a．无意义的

Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_______．

[D]pointless (a.) and wasteful [2003年阅读]

[译文] 被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物_______。

[D]没有意义、纯属浪费

populace n．平民

Specialists (48：in) history and economics，have (49：shown) two things：that the period from 1650 to 1750 was (50：marked) by great poverty，and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (n．)．[1998年完形]

[译文]历史和经济方面的专家们已经证明了两点：第一，极端贫困是1650年至1750年这段时期的标志；第二，工业化肯定没有使大多数民众的生活状况恶化。或许，正是工业化才真正改善了大多数平民的生活状况。

populist a．大众化的

From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist (n.) urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism．[2004年阅读]

[译文]霍夫斯塔特说：自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。

practicable a．能实行的，行得通的，可以实行的

Everybody gets ideas，but innovators work consciously on theirs，and they follow them through until they prove practicable (a.) or otherwise．[1994年阅读]

[译文]每一个人都有想法，但创新者会自觉地钻研他的想法，并不懈努力直到证明想法切实可行或不可行。

preconception n．预想，偏见

Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas．[1996年翻译]

[译文]然而，在不同的发展过程中，有些不怎么合理一在这些发展过程中，一些权威人士对科学研究应该采取的方式有偏见，从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。

preoccupation n．当务之急

If the preoccupation (n.) of schools with academic work was lessened，more time might be spent teaching children surer values．[1995年阅读]

[译文]如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。

presumptively ad．据推测

He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively (ad.) ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension．”[2002年阅读]

[译文]他说，行医资格理事会“必须明确表明一病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是由于医生处理不力造成的，应该因此吊销其从医资格”。

presumptuous a．专横的。自以为是的

It is，however，presumptuous (a.) to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists，so many businessmen，so many accountants．[1999年阅读]

[译文]然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量就太自以为是了。

primeval a．原始的

What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite--Cobe--had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin With the primeval (a.) explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)．[1998年翻译]

[译文]研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据证明宇宙的确起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”(此理论认为宇宙起源于一大团能量)。

profess v．表示，公开承认

This does not mean that ambition is at an end，that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings，but only that, no longer openly honored，it is less openly professed (v.).[2000年阅读]

[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。

prompting n．促进，激励，提示

This does not mean that ambition is at an end．that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings (n.)，but only that．no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed．[2000年阅读]

[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。

promptness n．敏捷，机敏

For personal growth，the author advocates all of the following except______.

[B]promptness (n.) in self-adaptation [1995年阅读]

[译文] 对于个人成长，下面所有各项中作者不倡导______。

[B]自我迅速适应

provincialist n．地方居民，乡下人

A．Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist (n.) ideology． [2005年阅读]

[译文]A．魁北克省拒绝加入全国性代理机构是出于地方保护主义思想。

psychedelic a．起幻觉的，迷幻的；n．迷幻剂

These are the substances often called psychedelic (n.) (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness．[1997年阅读]

[译文]这些物质常被称为迷幻剂(该醋源于希腊语，指“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能完全改变人的意识状态。

publicize v．宣扬

I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized (v.) resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status．[2001年阅读]

[译文]我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现)放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。

quadruple a．四倍的，四重的；vt．使成四倍；vi．成为四倍

This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock，when prices quadrupled (vt.)，and 1979-1980，when they also almost tripled．[2002年阅读]

[译文]这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979至1980年两次可怕的石油恐慌，当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。

rearview n．(车辆上的)后视镜

Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview (n.) mirror and a faulty steering wheel．[1997年阅读]

[译文]因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。

reasoning n．推理；推论

When that happens，it is not a mistake：it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning (n.) in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at． [1997年翻译]

[译文]这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应受到嘲弄。

revival n．苏醒，复兴，复活，再生效，复苏

The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival(n.)in the underlying trend．[1998年阅读]

[译文]问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因此，还不能作为一次确凿的证据来证实在这一潜在的趋势背后会出现经济复苏的迹象。

receptor n．接受器，感受器，受体

The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (n．) (19：available)for unfamiliar and emergency signals(20：such as)the smell of smoke．which might indicate the danger of fire．[2005年完形]

[译文]我们发现，大脑能在有不熟悉或紧急信号时，使嗅觉接收器工作，例如，烟味就是着火和危险的信号。

redundancy n．冗余

While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline--after the mass redundancies (n.) caused by downsizing in the late'80s--and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives．[2001年阅读]

[译文]在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应一出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员--在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。

referee n．仲裁人，调解人，裁判员；v．仲裁，裁判

The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs，a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing (v.)，first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century．[2001年阅读]

[译文]其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强。这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。