[译文]莱维西最新著作《回顾:一百年来学校改革的失败》探索学校里反学识倾向的根源,书中的结论是:学校根本未能制衡美国人对学识追求的厌恶,但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。
counteract v.①抵抗;②抵制;③消除,抵消
“If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract (v.③) its action.”[1994年阅读]
[译文]“如果我们能弄清癌症的活动规律,我们就能采取相应的措施。”
coverage n.①新闻报导(范围);②保险项目
They are brought sport,comedy,drama,music,news and current affairs,education,religion,parliamentary coverage(n.①),children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of£ 83 per household.[1996年阅读]
[译文]每户每年交83英镑的使用费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。
credibility n.可信性
Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility (n.) project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.[2001年阅读]
[译文]然后它又出资组织研讨会和可信度调查项目,去探究为什么顾客们恼火了,为什么会有那么多人逃避新闻。
criteria n.标准
Narrowing your criteria (n.),for example,may work against you:“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.”says one expert.[2004年阅读]
[译文]比如缩小你的要求条件就有可能对你不利,一位专家说:“你每回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。”
cuff n.袖口,没有预料到的事情
Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff (n.) remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年阅读]
[译文](练习幽默)包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话,你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
cult n.①宗派;②崇拜;③时尚
But the cult (n.②) of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech,writing,poetry and music.[2005年阅读]
[译文]然而,“做我们自己的事”--这一对事物真实性和个性的崇拜信条,已经给正式的演讲、写作、诗歌和音乐画上了句号。
customize v.定制
Subscribers can customize (v.) the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site.[1999年阅读]
[译文]用户可以定制自己想要接受的信息,然后直接进入某个公司的网址。
cute a.可爱的,聪明的,伶俐的
They look cute (a.).They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily.[2005年阅读]
[译文]它们(猴子)看起来很可爱,温顺合作,总是能分享食物。
deception n.欺骗,诡计
He describes their programmes and tactics,and,for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,the extent of their deception (n.) and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[1996年阅读]
[译文]他揭露了这些人的伎俩和手段,对那些不了解创世纪论者惯用手法的人来说,其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。
defendant n.被告; a.辩护的
As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with defendants (n.),especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.[1999年阅读]
[译文]尽管个人伤害的赔偿一如既往地继续着,但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方,特别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。
degradation n.降级,退化
In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation (n.) of Language and Music and Why We Should,Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.[2005年阅读]
[译文]语言学家约翰•麦克沃特(John McWhorter)喜好争论,他的观点混杂着保守派与自由派的看法,在他的近作《做我们自己的事:语言和音乐的退化,以及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意》一书中,这位学者认为20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。
delinquency n.行为不良,犯法,犯罪
Most theories of juvenile delinquency (n.) have focused on children from disadvantaged families,(26:ignoring) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.[2004年完形]
[译文]大部分有关少年犯罪的理论主要涉及到贫困家庭的孩子,忽略了一个事实,即,那些来自富裕家庭的孩子也会犯罪。
demographer n.人口统计学家
Moreover,demographers (n.) see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon:More and more Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people,too.[1998年阅读]
[译文]而且,人口统计学家发现,向南部和向西部的不断迁移还伴随着一种与之相关却又较新的现象:越来越多的美国人显然不再仅仅寻找有更多工作机会的地方,也在寻找人口稀少的地方。
depressant a.有镇静作用的;n.镇静剂
Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,whereas depressants(n.) slow it down.[1997年阅读]
[译文]兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,而镇静剂则相反:减缓它的活动。
depression n.沮丧,消沉,低气压,低压
Failing hips can be replaced,clinical depression (n.) controlled,cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.[2003年阅读]
[译文]髋骨不行了可以更换,临床的忧郁症得到了控制,白内障仅用30分钟手术便可以切除。
depletion n.损耗
The true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion (n.) of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. [1998年阅读]
[译文]环境研究的先驱者、斯坦福大学的保罗•埃利希反驳说,科学真正的敌人是那些对工业发展导致全球变暖、臭氧层逐渐损耗以及其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。
determinism n.决定论
Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism(n.).[2004年翻译]
[译文]虽然Sapir和Whorf都强调语言的差异性,但是,Sapir本人从未明确支持语言决定论的观点。
detrimental a.有害的
All these are beneficial,not detrimental (a.),to consumers.[2001年阅读]
[译文]所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。
digit n.从0到9的任一数字
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit (n.) inflation and global economic decline.[2002年阅读]
[译文]前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀率和全球性的经济衰退。
disparage vt.蔑视
With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging (vt.) remarks about their canteen or their chairman. [2002年阅读]
[译文]而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。
dispassionate a.冷静的,平心静气的
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic,and dispassionate (a.) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.[2003年翻译]
[译文]社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
disproportionate a.不成比例的
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate (a.) emphasis on examinations.[1995年阅读]
[译文]学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当地强调考试。
downshift v. ①(汽车等)调低速档;②(引申义)放慢生活节奏
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting (v. ②) in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations. [2001年阅读]
[译文]对我们这一代女性来说,整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活--自己种有机蔬菜并试图与之合一--倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。
dosage n.剂量,配,用量
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages (n.) will eventually kill the patient. [2002年阅读]
[译文]近年来,医生们一直在借用这项原则,为自己替病危患者注射大剂量的吗啡镇痛的做法提供正当的理由,尽管他们知道,不断增加的剂量最终会杀死病人。
domino n.骨牌,多米诺骨牌
In the US and Canada,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes (n.) to start falling. [1997年阅读]
[译文]在美国和加拿大,死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量。观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生效应。
doormat n.(放于门前的)擦鞋垫
Luckily, if the doormat (n.) or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.[1999年阅读]
[译文]但是假如门垫或炉灶上没有警示语告诉你可能发生的危害,那么你或许可以就自己所受的伤害通过法律诉讼,成功地获得赔偿。
dormant a.不活跃的,静止的,隐匿的
Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant (a.) oncogene,but how remains unknown.[1994年阅读]
[译文]从宇宙射线、辐射到日常饮食,任何东西都可能激活一个处于静止状态下的致癌基因,但如何激活尚不为人知。
downsize vt.以较小尺寸设计(或制造),缩小(汽车等)的外部尺寸;缩小规模
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline--after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing (vt.) in the late’80s--and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.[2001年阅读]
[译文]在美国,这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应一出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员--在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中,这种趋势仍被认为与节俭策略有关联,虽然如此,然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。
downscale v.缩减…的规模
So Spero is downscaling (v.),shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home,instead of Neiman Marcus.[2004年阅读]
[译文]因此斯派罗相应地缩减规模,在克利夫兰郊区的她家附近的中档迪拉德百货公司买东西,而不再去内曼•玛科斯。
downshifter n.过俭朴生活的人,放慢生活节奏的人
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline--after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s--and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle class downshifters (n.) of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.[2001年阅读]
[译文]在美国,这种趋势 一 开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应 一 出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员--在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中,这种趋势仍被认为与节俭策略有关联, 虽然如此,然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。
drummer n.鼓手
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer(n.).[1994年阅读]
[译文]极富创造性的人的确是伴着不同的鼓手前进的。
dynamics n.①动力学;②动态
A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [2003年完形]
[译文] 名目繁多的俱乐部活动能提供多种机会来培养他们的领导才能,也有机会在集体中成长。
elitism n.杰出人物统治论
From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism (n.).[2004年阅读]
[译文]霍夫斯塔特说:自我们的历史之初,我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。
embryo n.胚胎,胎儿,胚芽;a.胚胎的,初期的
NBAC will leave the issue of embryo(a.) research undiscussed because______.
embryo research is just a current development of cloning[1999年阅读]
[译文]NBAC将不讨论胚胎研究问题,因为胚胎研究不过是克隆的新发展。
emulation n.竞争,效法