Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists， that of the“shifting baseline”。 The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that， which is a bad way to de business.

　　31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

　　A、large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment

　　B、small species survived as large animals disappeared

　　C、large sea animals may face the same threat today.

　　D、Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

　　32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr. Worm‘s paper that

　　A、the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%

　　B、there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago

　　C、the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount

　　D、the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the old

　　33、By saying these figures are conservative （line in ，paragragf-3）， Dr worm means that

　　A、fishing technology has improved rapidly

　　B、then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

　　C、the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss

　　D、the date collected so far are pit pf date.

　　34、Dr Myers and other researchers hold that

　　A、people should look for a baseline that can‘t work for a longer time

　　B、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass

　　C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

　　D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.

　　35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries‘

　　A、management efficiency

　　B、biomass level

　　C、catch-size limits

　　D、technological application.

　　Text 4

　　Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this： artists‘ only job is to explore emotions， and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

　　This wasn‘t always so. The earliest forms of art， like painting and music， are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century， more artists began seeing happiness as insipid， phony or， worst of all， boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire‘s flowers of evil.

　　You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it‘s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war， disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason， in fact， may be just the opposite： there is too much damn happiness in the world today.