三、动名词

1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词

牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词：

acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, advise, avoid, admit, confess, consider, defend, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep mind, miss, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, permit, report, resent, resume, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：

Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

2.动名词做介词短语

考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：

object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。如：

There was no sign that Mr. Jospin , who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.

Our modern civilization must not be thought of as having been created in a short period of time.

Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.

As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.

Everyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.

四、分词

分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句中做定语或状语。在概念上考生应清楚：

● 现在分词表示主动，表示动作在进行。

● 过去分词表示被动，表示动作结束了的状态或结果。

1.分词做定语，弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别

分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句，考生应掌握：

(1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如：

It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)

There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)

How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相当于How many of us who will attend...)

(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如：

Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.

(相当于…recapture of the port which had been announced…)