在一天结束的时候, 或许几乎没有理由注意我们的梦,除非他们防止我们睡觉,或者让 “ 我们在一阵恐慌方面醒来 ”。Cartwright说,恐怖主义,不安全的经济不确定性和如此的痛苦感觉已经增加人的焦虑。蒙受连续的噩梦的人应该寻求来自治疗师的帮忙。对于我们的其余的人来说,大脑可以自然解决差劲的噩梦。 睡眠—或者做梦-并带着梦来睡觉,在早晨起来将会觉得舒服多了。
复习指导:
首段的话题词往往是文章的中心词,考研的试题一般是顺序原则,即出题的顺序和文章话题的顺序一致,有些题可能颠倒顺序,但顺序原则是考研阅读的主流,所以在做每道题时要注意针对的文章中心还是段落话题,到底在考察哪个段落话题。当某个选项可能是重复词,但并不是针对这道题的要求,比如第5题的C. Exercise conscious control是第四段的主题,并非是第五段的主题,所以弄清题干的要求很重要。
段落可能有很多重复点,那么话题词到底是什么,应该是重点看段落的首句的重复词以及段落中间的转折处,不要认为一个单词出现两次就一定是重复的话题。
注意通过抓住重复可以迅速忽略中间的细节,读中间的细节应该速度加快,因为阅读的重点并非细节,而是段落的话题。
二、文章的中心词带动段落话题的理解
中心词对话题词往往是支配作用,中心词通常是在首段和每个自然段的首句重复出现。很多题表面看是考细节,但实际上就是在变相的考中心词。所以抓住字里行间重复的中心是检验答案的有效武器。有的文章是单一重复一个中心词,文章是围绕一条主线来写作。但有些文章既谈客观中心词,又谈主观中心词(对客观对象的看法),这些文章是围绕两条线来写作。所以要注意区分客观中心和主观中心,主观中心往往是作者的看法,客观中心是作者议论的靶子。所以考生应该识别主观中心。 主观中心往往包含作者的情感色彩,比如说“overlook”, “emhasize”, “opitmistic”, “pessimistic”, “panic”, “objective”, “cautious”等等(比如说“忽视”,“重视”,“乐观”,“悲观”,“恐慌”,“客观”,“谨慎”)
Exercise:( 文章的客观中心为字母歧视,主观中心为忽视,也就是被大家忽视的字母歧视,其中五道题都在考这个关键词,选自2004年的考研阅读题第2篇。)
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
本段话题:字母歧视(客观),忽视(主观)(也是文章的中心词) 关键词:alphabetism, unaware
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
本段话题:忽视(主观) 关键词: less well known.注释: It has long been known that……指的是大家的观点,作者写文章时标新立异,所以这种句型的观点通常是批判性的,也就是说“A cars 比 Zodiac cars”有优势是批评的。 “suspiciously”意思是不敢相信,也是在讲人们由于对这种现象的忽视而导致的,所以也可以帮助大家理解“忽视”这个词。
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi)。 The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht)。
本段话题:成功人士和姓名字母靠前 关键词:richest, surname
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
本段话题:老师忽视了字母歧视 关键词:teachers, insensitive=less individual attention,注意否定前缀词是主观情感词。