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安通学校:考研英语语法讲义之定语从句篇

来源:编辑:发布时间:2006年7月25日

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      18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

      方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

      This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。(安通学校提供)

      I´ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

      判断改错:

  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

  (对) I´ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

      方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

      例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

      A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one

      例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

      A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one

      答案:例1 D,例2 A

      例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

      例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。(北京安通学校提供)

  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

      18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

      1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

  This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

  The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

       2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

      3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

     说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

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