grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well intentioned they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliché assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation”the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo (现状). There were exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.
The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the “stimulation”they offer than for the fact that stimulation may become a substitute for and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses . Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate (使⋯丧失活力)them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.
41. According to the passage, the mass media present us with ______.
A. insufficient diversity of information
B. too restricted a view of life
C. a wide range of facts and opinions
D. a critical assessment of our society
42. What effect is it claimed the mass media can have on our intellectual and imaginative development?
A. They are likely to frustrate this development.
B. They can form a basis for it.
C. They can distort our judgment.
D. They can stimulate too much mental activity.
43. How are the mass media said to influence our ability to make decisions?
A. They disturb us by their prejudices.
B. They make us doubt our own judgments.
C. They make no contribution in this area.
D. They make decisions appear too complicated.
44. The author says that a natural concern of the Establishment is to ______.
A. perform a good service to society
B. arouse strong emotions in the public
C. maintain its position in society
D. change the form of public institutions
45. What is the author's final judgment on how mass communications deal with intellectual matters?
A. They regard them as unimportant.
B. They see them as a domestic pastime.
C. They consider them to be of only domestic interest.
D. They rob them of their dramatic impact.
More American mothers than ever are working, and more workers are mothers. Yet their march
Passage Four
into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent of Americans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children's needs.
All mothers deserve our support -- those who care for children at home and those who have joined the work force. But many working mothers continue to believe that they are shortchanging
（少找钱）their children. They shouldn't. Research tells us that kids do just fine when mothers work.
Suzanne Bianchi a scientist of the University of Maryland, has found that mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children than they did in 1965, even though the percentage of mothers who work rose from 35 percent to 71 percent. Then there are the obvious financial benefits. For many children, these earnings are the difference between living in poverty -- or out of it.
The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child's social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employed. In my research four out of five children ( nine out of ten in single parent families) told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers. Children have taken their mothers' example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they
grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well intentioned they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliché assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation”the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo (现状). There were exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.
The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the “stimulation”they offer than for the fact that stimulation may become a substitute for and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses . Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate (使⋯丧失活力)them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.
41. According to the passage, the mass media present us with ______.
A. insufficient diversity of information
B. too restricted a view of life
C. a wide range of facts and opinions
D. a critical assessment of our society
42. What effect is it claimed the mass media can have on our intellectual and imaginative development?
A. They are likely to frustrate this development.
B. They can form a basis for it.
C. They can distort our judgment.
D. They can stimulate too much mental activity.
43. How are the mass media said to influence our ability to make decisions?
A. They disturb us by their prejudices.
B. They make us doubt our own judgments.
C. They make no contribution in this area.
D. They make decisions appear too complicated.
44. The author says that a natural concern of the Establishment is to ______.
A. perform a good service to society
B. arouse strong emotions in the public
C. maintain its position in society
D. change the form of public institutions
45. What is the author's final judgment on how mass communications deal with intellectual matters?
A. They regard them as unimportant.
B. They see them as a domestic pastime.
C. They consider them to be of only domestic interest.
D. They rob them of their dramatic impact.
More American mothers than ever are working, and more workers are mothers. Yet their march
Passage Four
into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent of Americans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children's needs.
All mothers deserve our support -- those who care for children at home and those who have joined the work force. But many working mothers continue to believe that they are shortchanging
（少找钱）their children. They shouldn't. Research tells us that kids do just fine when mothers work.
Suzanne Bianchi a scientist of the University of Maryland, has found that mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children than they did in 1965, even though the percentage of mothers who work rose from 35 percent to 71 percent. Then there are the obvious financial benefits. For many children, these earnings are the difference between living in poverty -- or out of it.
The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child's social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employed. In my research four out of five children ( nine out of ten in single parent families) told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers. Children have taken their mothers' example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they
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