Historian:Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautiousconclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’scalculus concepts and techniques are presented.

Inthe historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historiandefends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposingposition.

(B) The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historiandefends; the second is that position.

(C) The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawnto provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; thesecond provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

(D) The firstis evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historiancriticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s ownposition.

(E) The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historiancriticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

原文转自：;tid=873&extra=page%3D3

解题思路：本题是比较少见的有两个however，也即经过两次转折的Boldface题。原文一开始说传统观点认为莱布尼茨和牛顿的数学研究都是独立进行的，后来说发现L讨论N的发现的文章，而且是在L自己观点开始发出之前，所以传统观点是错的。最后又说L的文章讨论的N早期的书本，书本里未包含微积分相关论述。

也即，本文的最终结论是跟原文第三句一致的。BF第一句支持的是本文要反驳的，BF第二句支持的是本文最终结论。BF第一句和第二句话反着

A选项，第一句提供证据支持本文结论，错误;

B选项，第一句提供证据支持本文结论，错误;

C选项，第一句提供证据支持了一个进一步支持本文结论的中间结论，错误;

D选项，第一句支持本文要反驳的结论，正确;第二句支持本文结论，正确;

E选项，第一句支持本文要反驳的结论，正确;第二句证实第一句的论据，错误。