三、阅读理解题 1． Alcohol affects the brain; and its immediate effects are more marked on those who are not used to the drug than on regular drinkers. It is not a stimulant but a depressant, which adversely affects concentration, removes inhibitions, and increases the risk of accidents. Under the influence of alcohol people are less able to exercise self control and may say and do things that they afterwards regret—perhaps for the rest of their lives. For example, a girl who does not wish to have a baby may be made pregnant by a man whom she would not have chosen as the father of her child; and a man may make pregnant a woman whom he would not have chosen as the mother of his child. Some other forms of drug taking, like drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco, are part of group behaviour. Such drug taking is encouraged by those who are already addicted to the drug, and by those who profit by making and selling the drug. Anyone who starts taking a drug may soon become addicted to it. As with all bad habits, it is better not to start drug taking than to suffer the physical and emotional harm caused by the drug and to have the problem of trying to break the addiction. It is best, therefore, to refuse the drug that is offered. Apart from other considerations, drugs that come from unreliable sources （because their manufacture and distribution is against the law） are not available in carefully measured doses and their purity is not guaranteed. Their effects are unpredictable and they may well be dangerous. If such drugs are offered by so-called friends you would be well advised to find new friends, who share your values, and to continue being yourself. 1． Regular drinkers of alcohol are those who ___ . （ ） A． are not used to the drug B． may get immediate effects from the drink C． suffer a lot from the drink D． drink the drug very often 2． Under the influence of alcohol, people ___ .（ ） A． are able to concentrate themselves B． are able to exercise self-control C． are afraid of taking the risk of accidents D． may say and do things that they afterwards regret 3． The girl in the passage ___ .（ ） A． is made pregnant by a man she doesn't like B． wishes to marry the man who is her baby's father C． does not really like the man to marry her D． does not have a baby 4． According to the author, when you are offered a drug, you'd better ___ .（ ） A． refuse it B． take it from reliable sources C． accept it and soon become addicted to it D． start drug taking 5． Drugs that come from unreliable sources ___ . （ ） A． are illegal B． are not available C． are encouraged to take D． are manufactured abroad 2． By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all. Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures. All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close. The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison. Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can made some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness. 1． Adders are most likely to be found ___ .（ ） A． in wilder parts of Britain and Ireland B． in Scotland and nowhere else C． on uncultivated land throughout Britain D． in shady fields in England 2． If you are with someone who is bitten by an adder you should ___ .（） A． try to catch the adder B． make no attempt to treat the bite C． not worry about the victim D． operate as soon as possible 3． We are told that adders are ___ （ ） A． normally friendly towards people B． unlikely to bite except in self-defense C． aggressive towards anyone in their territory D． not afraid of human beings 4． If an adder hears you approaching, it will usually ___ .（ ） A． move out of your path B． take no notice of you at all C． disappear very quickly D． wait until you are close then attack 5． We are told that in general British people think snakes are （ ） A． not very common in Britain B． usually harmless C． more dangerous than they usually are D． unlikely to kill people by their bite 3． Our culture has caused most Americans to assume （设想） not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon （召唤） a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin - American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War Ⅱ and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic（语言上的）and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take no notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions （让步） to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual（多语言的） guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster （成群） in hotels and restaurants where English is not spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy（外交） , are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all America is the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand. 1． It can be inferred that Americans being approached （接近）too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ___ . （ ） A． stand still B． jump aside C．step forward D． draw back 2． The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ___. （ ） A． cultural self-centeredness B． casual manners C．indifference towards foreign visitors D． arrogance （傲慢态度） to wards other countries 3． In other countries most Americans ___.（ ） A． are isolated by the local people B． are not well informed due to the language barrier C．tend to get along well with the natives D． need interpreters in hotels and restaurants 4． According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ___.（ ） A． affect their image in the new era B． cut themselves off from the outside world C．limit their role in world affairs D． weaken the position of the US dollar 5． The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ___. （） A． it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends B． it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs C．it is necessary to use several languages in public places D． it is time to get acquainted with other cultures