成语和俗语的翻译是近几年上海市高考卷翻译中出现的一个亮点。这种题型的出现也给试卷增添了一点色彩。如2004年的“三言两语”,2003年的“引人入胜”,2003年春招的“欣喜若狂”,2005年的“刮目相看”等等。然而,就这些看上去并不是很难的成语、俗语,许多同学却感到不知所措,无从下手。有的同学竟然很搞笑地把“三言两语”翻译成“twoand threewords”。
为何会出现这种情况?究其原因,我想有两点:
第一,在于不少同学对文化的差异性缺乏初步的认识和了解。由于英汉两种语言特点的不同,所以在做中译英时,有些可以从字面理解进行翻译
第二,在于同学们平时的积累不够,准备不足。同学们稍加注意,就不难发现近几年高考翻译中出现的成语、俗语都是我们日常生活、学习中的一些大众化的短语。如果同学们平时做个有心人,对学过的短语、词组以及格言做个收集、整理、归类的话,那么考试中一旦遇到这类题型,在对这些成语、俗语理解的基础上,再用一些学过的英语短语来进行意译,这样,得高分也并不是什么难事。
列举了一些常用的成语、俗语,供同学们学习中参考。
1.一臂之力 lend sb. a helping hand
2.一点一滴 every little bit
3.一刻千金 every minute is precious
4.一目了然 be clear at a glance
5.一视同仁 treat sb. equally
6.一无所知 know nothing about
7.一心一意 heart and soul
8.三番五次 again and again, repeatedly
9.三三两两 in twos and threes
10.三心二意 be of two minds
11.四面八方 (from)all directions
12.四通八达 extend in all directions
13.五颜六色 colorful, of various colours
14.十全十美 be perfect in everyway
15.不厌其烦 take great pains/ be patient
16.不分胜负 come out even
17.不甘落后 be unwilling to lag behind
18.不可思议 unimaginable
19.不速之客 uninvited(unexpected) guest
20.不言而喻 it goes without saying that
21.不由自主 can'thelp
22.不足为奇 not at all surprising
23.迫不及待 can't help
24.不知不觉 unconsciously
25.毫不在意 don't/doesn't care at all
26.举世闻名 be world-famous
27.举足轻重 occupy a decisive position
28.名不符实 unworthy of one's name
29.名不虚传 deserve the reputation
30.井然有序 be in good order
31.井井有条 be in good order
32.跃跃欲试 be eager to have a try
33.全面发展 develop in an all-around way
34.安然无恙 be safe and sound
35.半途而废 give up halfway
36.义不容辞 one's duty to do sth.
37.全力以赴 go all out for/ spare no efforts
38.千方百计 by every possible means
39.持之以恒 persevere
40.家喻户晓 widely known, known to all
41.默默无闻 unknown to thepublic
42.树立榜样 set a good example for
43.理所当然 naturally,of course
44.数以万计 tens of thousands of
45.世世代代 from generation to generation
46.心不在焉 absent-minded
47.梦想成真 come true,become a reality
48.迫在眉睫 extremely urgent
49.刻不容缓 be of great urgency
50.无时无刻 all the time
51.无所事事 have nothing to do
52.毫不犹豫 without hesitation